Indonesia Art And Culture

Indonesia - Art & Culture
Culture of Indonesia

Indonesian culture has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is central along ancient trading routes between the Far East and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam, all strong in the major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mixture very different from the original indigenous cultures.

Examples of cultural fusion include Agama Hindu Dharma, a denomination of Hinduism now practiced by 93% of Balinese, the fusion of Islam with Hindu in Javanese Abangan belief, the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism and animism in Bodha, and the fusion of Hinduism and animism in Kaharingan; others could be cited.

Indonesian art-forms express this cultural mix. Wayang, traditional theater-performed puppet shows, were a medium in the spread of Hinduism and Islam amongst Javan villagers. Both Javanese and Balinese dances have stories about ancient Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms, while Islamic art forms and architecture are present in Sumatra, especially in the Minangkabau and Aceh regions. Traditional art, music and sport are combined in a martial art form called Pencak Silat.

Western culture has influenced Indonesia most in modern entertainment such as television shows, movies and songs. India has notably influenced Indonesian songs and movies. A popular type of song is the Indian-rhythmical dangdut, which is often mixed with Arab and Malay folk music.

Despite the influences of foreign culture, some remote Indonesian regions still preserve uniquely indigenous culture. Indigenous ethnic groups of Mentawai, Asmat, Dani, Dayak, Toraja and many others are still practising their ethnic rituals, customs and wearing traditional clothes.

sumber; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia

The Culture and Art

Indonesia is rich in art and culture which are intertwined with religion and age-old traditions from the time of early migrants with Western thoughts brought by Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists. The basic principles which guide life include the concepts of mutual assistance or "gotong royong" and consultations or "musyawarah" to arrive at a consensus or "mufakat" Derived from rural life, this system is still very much in use in community life throughout the country.
Though the legal system is based on the old Dutch penal code, social life as well as the rites of passage are founded on customary or "adat" law which differs from area to area. "Adat" law has a binding impact on Indonesian life and it may be concluded that this law has been instrumental in maintaining equal rights for women in the community. Religious influences on the community are variously evident from island to island.
Unlike some countries art forms in Indonesia are not only based on folklore, as many were developed in the courts of former kingdoms such as in Bali, where they are part of religious ceremonies. The famous dance dramas of Java and Bali are derived from Hindu mythology and often feature fragments from the Ramayana and Mahabharata Hindu epics.
Highly stylized in movement and costume, dances and the "wayang" drama are accompanied by a full "gamelan" orchestra comprising xylophones, drums, gongs, and in some cases string instruments and flutes. Bamboo xylophones are used in North Sulawesi and the bamboo "angklung" instruments of West Java are well- known for their unique tinkling notes which can be adapted to any melody.

The "Wayang kulit" (leather puppets) of Java is performed with leather puppets held by the puppeteer, who narates the story of one of the famous episodes of the Hindu epics, the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. It is performed against a white screen while a lantern in the background casts the shadows of the characters on the screen, visible from the other side where the spectators are seated.

The "Wayang Golek" (wooden puppets) of West Java is based on the same concept. The crafts of Indonesia vary in both medium and art form. As a whole the people are artistic by nature and express themselves on canvas, wood, metals, clay and stone. The batik process of waxing and dyeing originated in Java centuries ago and classic designs have been modified with modern trends in both pattern and technology. There are several centres of Batik in Java, the major ones being Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Pekalongan and Cirebon.

Batik is also being produced in some other areas as in Bali where local designs are incorporated. Other provinces produce hand-woven cloths of gold and silver threads, silks or cottons with intricate designs. Painting are numerous all over the country, both traditional and contemporary, woodcarvings for ornamentation and furniture, silverwork and engraving form Yogyakarta and Sumatra, filgree from South Sulawesi and Bali with different styles of clay, sandstone and wood sculptures. These are but a few of the handicrafts found in Indonesia
sumber; http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/culture.html

The Indonesian Art Of Sculpting by James Osborn

Since the beginning of time, men have had the interest for shaping simple objects into entirely new different objects. Human beings have learned to adapt to his surroundings, and this resilience of men has made them more in tune with their environment, enhancing their talents.

Modeling objects is somewhat similar to this concept. This process entails the usage of a material flexible enough to be manipulated through methods such as heating and molding. This manipulation is done to recreate the object it is being modeled after.

Sculpture is definitely a form of art that differs from culture to culture. All cultures may use the same material and same model, but how each culture implements their own cultural design, concept and beliefs would separate one work of art from another.

The Indonesian Symbolism

The Indonesian culture renders high respect and adoration for the nature that surrounds them. That's why in most of their art forms, themes of natures are always incorporated in their designs. Such designs they use are intricate and very expressive. Furthermore, the Indonesian design sticks to colorfully bright and sharp details.

Indonesia's close ties with its religious beliefs have led their art forms, specifically their sculptures, to be mythical in theme and design as well. These and other designs basically symbolize how significant life, nature and religion are to the Indonesian culture. Another addition to the already long list of themes significant to the Indonesian culture is the close ties that families form with one another which have so far inspired the Indonesian art tradition.

Indonesian Sculpture

Similar to wood carvings, sculpture in Indonesia follows the unwritten rule that the sculpture should incorporate the Indonesian's concept of life, nature and religious beliefs. Indonesian sculpture involves many processes of polishing and touches that highlights the truthfulness it should possess. Indonesian sculpture is also never limited to fixed model positions. Instead, it has the ability to portray extreme movement and expressive features. Most important of all, the richness of the Indonesian ethnicity is evident in every unique piece of art, especially their sculptures. Each unique piece also represents the unique cultural diversity that resides within the boundaries of Indonesia.

Sculpture and other forms of art not only serve as a hobby for the Indonesian society but a way to preserve their rich cultural heritage as well. At www.indonesia-exporter.com and other websites in the Internet featuring sculptures, further appreciation for the Indonesian art can be seen.

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Bali History by Wayan

Bali has a long history of traders and invaders taking turns in bringing influences from India, China, the Middle East, and Europe. With the 'better die than surrender'-motto in mind, the Balinese nevertheless took in these influences and blended them into their culture. At the root of the endless struggle between outsiders and self-rule lies a complex account of kingdoms battling each other to control the island's riches and powers. The Balinese trace their origins to India and the 'Indianised' courts of Java. Their myth unfolds that the first person ever to set foot on Bali was Rsi Markandeya, a Hindu saint from East Java. It is said that he and his group of followers - original Balinese or 'Bali Mula' - settled around Besakih, on the slopes of Mount Agung, where they built Bali's Mother Temple. At the end of the 10th century, Javanese influence increased enormously. Balinese King Udayana married a Javanese princess. Their son, King Airlangga, reigned over Bali from East Java (1019-1049) and it's during this time that the three-tiered temple system of Bali by the legendary priest Empu Kuturan started. The cliff temple of Gunung Kawi, in Gianyar was built. After Airlangga's death, Bali enjoyed a period of autonomy. This proved to be short-lived, when the East Javanese King Kertanegara conquered the island in 1284. King Kertanegara was murdered and Bali took the opportunity to liberate itself once again. In 1343, the island was brought back under Javanese control by its defeat at the hands of 'Gajah Mada', a general in the last of the great Hindu-Javanese empires, the 'Majapahit'. With the spread of Islam throughout Sumatra and Java during the 16th century, the Majapahit began to collapse and a large exodus of aristocracy, priests, artists, and artisans to Bali ensued. The island flourished and the following centuries were considered 'The Golden Age' of Bali's cultural history. The principality of Gelgel near Klungkung, become a major center for art, and Bali became the main power of the region, taking control of neighbouring Lombok, Sumbawa, and parts of East Java.

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Bali: Beaches, Spas, Nightlife and Shahrukh Khan by Manoj Gursahani


For me, arriving at Bali was a travellers' delight. Nothing could beat travel fatigue better than the friendly, smiling Balinese faces at the Customs and Immigrations at the Denpasar airport and the ' Visa on arrival' stamped on my passport for 10 USD in 15 minutes flat!

I had heard that Bali was an island of temples, dances, and age-old rituals; with over 95 per cent of the 3 million people practice a form of Hinduism. But nothing prepared me for the spot-on recital of 'Gayatri Mantra' by my taxi driver, followed by a song from Kuch Kuch Hota Hai in the same breath. I was amazed by the Bollywood craze in this Far East city, so much so, that I was instantly labelled 'from Shah Rukh Khan's country' by every taxi driver and local I met!

Arriving at the airport, most tourists head straight for the beach areas of Kuta, Sanur, Jimbaran or Nusa Dua, I chose Kuta simply because it is still arguably the centre of night life activities along with an array of shops, boutiques, and galleries- what more could I ask for!

Bali offers a vast section of hotels for all budgets, right from simple and cheap accommodation for backpackers to five star hotels with indulgent spas for those seeking pure luxury. I stayed at the Hard Rock Hotel, a stone's throw away from the Kuta beach.

At sunset, the Kuta beach comes alive, with people wanting to enjoy the stunning panorama. Teeming tourist, locals selling the colourful sarongs and batiks and a Balinese dance performance somewhere on endless stretch of the beach...and if you want to dance away into the wee hours of the morning, you wont be disappointed- pubbing is amazing in Kuta, with a wide choice of with pubs and discos that offer a vibrant nightlife.

The best way to enjoy Kuta is by simply asking the locals, who are very friendly an always ready to help you. I was lucky to have a very successful Indian friend in Indonesia- Kishore Pridhnani, who along with his wife Radha took me for a night tour of all the chic places in Kuta. The one that left a lasting impression on my mind was Ku De Ta, a fancy restaurant overlooking the beach. I absolutely loved the ambience in the night and would recommend this restaurant to anyone.

However, if your kind of vacation is to relax and chill out, head to the southern peninsula, with world-class, self-contained luxury hotels set on quiet stretches of beach of Sanur and Nusa Dua, as well as in Jimbaran Bay. (which is also very popular for very reasonable Sea food) These white sand beaches dotted by thousands of mangrove and coconut trees and sheltered by coral reefs, create an ideal haven for honeymooners or those preferring solitude.

To take a break from the hustle and bustle of Kuta, I headed for Ubud, which I must say has retained the feel of a cosy village retreat, despite of the growing tourism industry. Ubud is the arts and crafts capital of Bali, so in addition to streets lined with lined with shops and workshops specialising in traditional crafts, there are a number of different art galleries and museums to visit.

The next I headed for a day-trip cruise from Benoa Harbor that took me to the Lembongan Island, a popular spot for surfers and scuba divers. (at approx. USD 60 onwards for the day-cruise inclusive of lunch, I think it's a worth a visit). Arriving on the white sandy beaches of Lembongan Bay, you can take the guided snorkelling trips and glass-bottom boat cruise or simply walk amidst the native Balinese villages

If you want to take a break from the beach scenario, I suggest a trip into the cool mountains of Kintamani with its green rice fields, the placid Lake Batur that rests in a huge crater and the impressive Gunung Batur volcano that dominates the landscape. The evenings tend to get cooler, so carry a warm pullover or a shawl and make sure you have camera with you to capture the spectacular view of Mt Batur.

Bali is one of the Spa Capitals of the world where you can indulge yourself in a spa treatment at very reasonable prices. If you want to spoil yourself then you can sample from an elaborate menu of lulur massages, rice-paste exfoliations, flower petal aroma baths and indulgent cream baths. I would suggest you check some of the local spas that work spa therapies into your holiday schedule on a daily basis. And don't forget the traditional drinks made of herbs and roots- 'jamu', a local Balinese remedy for fatigue, headaches, aching bones or chills.

For the adventurous and sporty, Bali offers a host of adrenaline-pumping water-sports, both below and above water. Surfing, scuba diving, banana boats, snorkelling, parasailing, Jet Ski, Bungee Jumping, Bali offers it all.

Do try the river rafting on the Ayung River amidst a wild tropical forest. Ride the fast-flowing Ayung river as it carves its way with numerous hairpin curves and swirling rapids. A full day programme would only cost you about USD 35 onwards and I found the experience thoroughly stimulating.

For those who love underwater world and always wanted to dive, there is spectacular scuba diving and snorkelling off the unspoiled coral reefs around the island, with the most amazing and colourful underwater life. There are even learner's courses by qualified professional instructors for the amateurs (you can take a day's course for less than USD 100)

And while you are on the beach enjoying the water sports, do indulge in the locals who cajole you into trying hair braiding, getting tattoo done or even have a relaxing massage.

If you are travelling with your kids, be sure to take them to the Waterboom Park. My kids and I enjoyed a day of waterslides and pools in all sizes with restaurants and snack bars within arms reach...good family fun for kids of all ages!

When you feel like venturing outside for a meal, there are lots of breezy open sided bamboo cafes serving authentic Balinese food as well as an array of sumptuous international cuisine. But for those who miss Indian food, I suggest you try out a delicious meal at the Queen's Tandoor in Seminyak, where the owners Puneet and Neeta Malhotra go out of the way to pamper you with personal attention.

Another big pastime here is shopping!

For those who do not want to wander too far from the beach, Sanur, Kuta and Ubud have more than enough to appease any shopper, from sarongs and sandals to wooden statues, stone carvings and iron and bronze works. But if you are keen on shopping, you can buy branded stuff from malls like Mahatari or also look for Factory Sales of branded clothes.

You'll find the ultimate in open-air market browsing in southern Bali, where traditional Asian-style shopping still thrives. Do check out the local painting styles. I suggest, you always go in at less than a third of the price and even walk away, until you get the price you want. .

And before you leave Bali don't forget to buy their chilly sauce called Sambal (its one of it's kind and you can even pick it up at the duty free at Bali Airport.)

From the locals raving over Shah Rukh Khan to the colourful Balinese-Hindu culture, this tropical paradise lures Indians, not just by its natural exquisiteness but more importantly by its culture and the warmth of the Balinese people.

With Bali becoming more accessible and affordable, with cheap extension packages from Kuala Lumpur or Singapore and great deals from Garuda Indonesia Airlines that have daily flights connecting the Island for as little as USD 160 for a round trip ticket, I would defiantly recommend this island getaway as your next travel itinerary!

Copyright (C) Manoj Gursahani

About the Author

Manoj Gursahani is the Chairman of India's first ecommerce travel portal- TravelMartIndia. Visit the blog for more travel tips and destinations.

Do Not Miss Beautiful Ubud For Your Bali Vacation by Made Dertha

What is it about Ubud that one should visit this beautiful village? Because Ubud has much to offer; from its stunning panorama of Ayung River valley and the terraces rice filed, its most talented artist, its typical traditional market and myriad of shops that line the road is a heaven for shopping, its undying culture, its serene environs and plentiful of nice small hotels and restaurants and many more.

Ubud has no great beaches to speak of, no mountain lakes, and no grand hotels. Yet it has the richness of soil and it is the center of Bali's art and culture. If you don't stay in Ubud, or you don't have much time during your Bali Holiday, a visit is worth because it would offer you a memorable stay in Bali.

Driving out of bustling Denpasar, the tranquil green of rice paddies contrast sharply with the boisterous sounds of the city. Palm-leaf carvings of Dewi Sri (the Rice Goddess) guards over the crops, and small thatch huts dot the rice fields, giving shade to those who work them. Temples and small shrines can be seen along the way, women lay out offerings of flowers, rice, incense and holy water to placate evils spirits and please the good one. Even with the great influx of tourism, village life basically goes on the same. Almost every village on the way up to Ubud specializes in some kind of art form. You can stop off and see the artisans at work in their studios.

Many places near Ubud make beautiful side trips. Morning walk through the villages lead to out-of-the-way retreats. The route to Tegalalang offer beautiful views of terraces rice field and myriad of art studios, Mas, Penestanan and Peliatan, the centers of wood carving and painting, Sayan offer a stunning panorama of Ayung River valley and still home to spectacular view of gorges and palms and rice fields. Campuhan , the place where three rivers meet - a sacred site. There is a very beautiful temple called Pura Gunung Lebah is worth a visit.

To the north is Petulu village is known for many things but the most spectacular is the kokokan or white herons. Every morning at dawn and the afternoon around three or four o'clock, you can see them circling the trees in droves.

To the south a short walk you will arrive at Monkey Forest. To visit it, one must by a ticket. There are hundreds of tame monkeys and a temple stands in the middle of the forest. In the center of town the interesting places to see are the Puri (the court of palace of former kings), here every Sunday morning at 10 o'clock dozen of young girls study traditional Balinese dance. Ubud main market just opposite the Puri offer varieties of merchandises; Produce, dry goods, linens, T-shirts, paintings, wood carvings, even traveling medicine men appear here. Closed to market you can visit Puri Lukisan (Museum of Paintings). Established in 1954, it is dedicated to showing the works of local painters. It is the excellent place to get an overview of the stylistic differences between artists.

Ubud is a picturesque township and visitors have been attracted by its charm and beauty for decades. If shopping is your interest, Ubud has a myriad of shops which line the road to Monkey Forest and the Museum Puri Lukisan. Don't forget to bargain!!! If art is your interest, in Ubud, Mas and Peliatan, one can study dance, music, painting or a number of other art forms. The best way to meet a teacher is to find a style that appeal to you (by going to galleries and watching performances) and than approach the artist directly about lessons.

While you are in Ubud and need more complete information, you can visit Bina Wisata a local Tourism Bureau. It prepare map of Bali and Ubud. There is a massage board, small book store and a printing press on the premises. It's about 500 m past the market.

Waka Namya Resort is a nice place to stay. It offers free luxury shuttle service to the center of town and to the Rudana Museum and Arts Gallery; it is one of the best galleries in Ubud. It also offers a free tracking to the rice field. Excellent service and very friendly staffs. I know the manager very well, so I sand many guests to this resort. Waka di Ume, Komaneka, Santi Mandala Resort and Maya Ubud are also very nice place to stay. For more affordable accommodation you can choose Ubud Sari; small, charming and rustic ambience. It has a complete Spa and Beauty Salon service, Yoga, Chiropractic, Healing Week in Bali Program. Raw Health Food Program and Colonic Hydrotherapy.

So Ubud has many attractive objects can be seen for your Bali Vacation. And do not hesitate to choose beautiful Bali for your holiday. Bali is a small, beautiful island in Indonesia, the ultimate tourist destination in Asia.

The quickest and easiest way to find Bali hotels at your destination is to go online and visit a hotel reservation website. Do a search for Bali you are traveling to and you will be presented with a list of available hotels in Bali, Choose your preferred Bali Hotels.

About the Author

Made Dertha was an English and Italian tour guide for many years in Bali, writes for Bali Turista Tours where he is the Managing Director now. Bali Turista is focusing on Bali hotels and villas reservation. Just visit www.baliturista.com

Why Yogyakarta? by Daniel J.Fox

Yogyakarta (also Jogjakarta in pre-1972 spelling or Jogja) is a city and province on the island of Java, Indonesia. It is the only province in Indonesia that is still formally governed by a precolonial Sultanate, the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. The city is known as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also famous as a center for Indonesian higher education. The official name of the Yogyakarta province is Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Haunted by spiralling population, economic and political problems, the most populous island in South East Asia is a land of contrasts with an uncertain future.

Java is an island of striking natural beauty, rich in cultural history. But it's getting harder to recognise it.

At Yogyakarta's center is the kraton, or Sultan's palace. Surrounding the kraton is a densely-populated residential neighborhood that occupies land that was formerly the Sultan's sole domain; evidence of this former use remains in the form of old walls and the ruined Water Castle (Tamansari), built in 1758 as a pleasure garden. No longer used by the sultan, the garden had been largely abandoned, and was used for housing by palace employees and descendants. Reconstruction efforts began in 2004, and an effort to renew the neighborhood around the kraton has begun. The site is a developing tourist attraction.

The Ramayana ballet is worth attending even if you're not a fan of traditional Asian stage performances. 20,000rp gets you a 90-minute show with a talented dance troupe and full gamelan orchestra. It's a casual, well-organised atmosphere and you can meet the performers and even dance with them on the stage!

The Cirebon Restaurant, also on Jalan Malioboro attracts a steady stream of locals and foreigners with its (mainly) vegetarian specialties and convivial atmosphere -- all at good prices.

Honestly, there are no other cities in Indonesia that have equally popular different names like this one. And, frankly speaking, none of the hundreds of names of areas in this country have been abbreviated in so many ways by its name like Yogyakarta.

On the streets, people - including government officials and university students - prefer to call this sultanate province Yogya or Jogja, despite its official name Yogyakarta.

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Mystical Yogyakarta... Come find out more at http://Yogyakarta.ewhy.info

Legends Of Yogyakarta! by James C.Cameer

Yogyakarta province is one of the most densely populated areas of Indonesia. The city came into being in 1755, after the division of Mataram into the Sultanates of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (Solo). Gamelan, classical and contemporary Javanese dances, the wayang kulit leather puppet theater and other expressions of traditional art will keep the visitor spellbound. Local craftsmen excel in the arts of batiks, silver and leather work.

In the middle of south Central Java lies the magical region of Yogyakarta, the cradle of Javanese culture and tradition. In the north the volatile, Mount Merapi - the Fire Mountain with captivating physical beauty stands vigorously guarding the surrounding nature.

This gigantic volcano, sometimes dangerous with its eruption and lava spitted from its crater, but at the same time gives tremendous fertility to the land. That's the reason why the farmers - inhabitants living in its slope do not want to leave their ancestor's place of birth. They have a mystical relation with Merapi to live in harmony with 'the rulers' of the mountain to keep them safe and peaceful. It disclosed that the name Jogja, instead of Yogyakarta or Yogya, is used as a promotion to market Yogyakarta since Y is a difficult alphabetical start for most international audiences -both reading and spelling. While Jogja is easily pronounced as JOG-ja, even JOG could be used as nickname.

Yogyakarta is known for its silver work, leather puppets used for shadow plays (wayang kulit), and a unique style of making batik dyed fabric. It is also known for its vivid contemporary art scene. Yogyakarta is also known for its gamelan music, including the unique style Gamelan Yogyakarta, which developed in the courts.

Water Castle

Built in 1758 by Sultan Hamengkubuwono I just west of the kraton, part of this pleasure garden and castle is at present no more than an intriguing collection of ruins, pools, arches and underground passages enclosed by massive walls, however, the central courtyard with the nymph-baths has been restored.

The Water Castle is located in the older part of the city within walking distance from the Bird Market. A number of batik workshops line the avenue leading to the pleasure garden's entrance.

Imogiri

Imogiri is the official cemetery of the royal descendants from Yogyakarta and Surakarta. The royal graveyard is located on a hilltop, reachable by 345 stone steps leading to it.

Imogiri is about 17 kms southeast of Yogyakarta and easily accessible by bus or car. The tombs are built within three main courtyards.

Entry into the smaller courtyards housing the tombs of the princes is allowed only on Monday 09.00 - 12.00 or Friday 13.00 - 16.00. Traditional Javanese dress has to be worn, which however can be hired on the spot at a modest fee. The cemetery is closed during the Moslem month of Ramadhan.

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Mystical Yogyakarta... Come find out more at http://Yogyakarta.ewhy.info

Penang: Batik Of Culture by Travis James

Could Tutankhamun, Nefertiti, Rameses and the people of ancient Egypt have worn batik? Could Cleopatra have strolled along the banks of the Nile with the breezes billowing her exotic batik robes?

It's an intriguing conjecture without a doubt, but hardly surprising when you consider that archeologists have discovered fragments of batik fabric in excavations of ancient Egypt. Exactly how far back batik goes in history is anyone's guess, but it is nonetheless regarded that batik painting is the oldest cloth dyeing technique in the world.

Dorothy may have been the first Hollywood starlet to don a batik sarong, but the craft and art of batik painting stretches back many years. It is in fact a craft that is at least 2,000 years old.

The word batik originates from the Javanese tik, which means to dot. Incidentally, 'batik' is used in both Indonesia and Malaysia, the two major producers in the world today, to describe the same method of printing although designs vary. According to the very informative Batik Guild, the earliest examples of batik were found in the Far East, Middle East, Central Asia and India, where it slowly spread to the islands of the Malay Archipelago and west to the Middle East through the caravan route. Finely made items of silk batik depicting trees, animals, musicians and hunting scenes have been found in ancient China and Japan.

Malaysian batik, for example, does not usually feature animals or human shapes, preferring instead to focus on floral designs. Indonesian batik, on the other hand, incorporates the various elements connected with different religions, such as the mythical garuda and Tree of Life from Hinduism, and flowers and geometric designs from Islam. This is of course, a general observation. The reality is that there are really no hard and fast rules when it comes to batik design, and the limits are usually set by how far and wide the imagination can reach.

Much of the popularity of Penang Batik can be tied to the fact that the batik technique offers immense possibilities for artistic freedom as patterns are applied by actual drawing rather than by weaving with thread. Another factor in its popularity is the fact that it is so durable. The colors in Penang Batik are much more resistant to wear than those of painted or printed fabrics because the cloth is completely immersed in dye and the areas not protected by resist are allowed to absorb hues to the extent that the colors will not easily fade. The term "Batik" is an Indonesian-Malay word (Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Malay are the official languages of Indonesia and Malaysia and are linguistically similar).

Although there is no sure explanation as to where batik first was "invented", many observers believe that it was brought to Asia by travelers from the Indian subcontinent. Despite the fact that batik may have originated elsewhere, most observers believe that batik has reached its highest artistic expression in Indonesia, particularly in Java.

The art of Batik was later spread to the rest of the Indonesian archipelago and to the Malay Peninsula where the popularity of the cloth led to the establishment of many other production centers. Batik has become a very central means of artistic expression for many of the areas of Asia and a deeply integrated facet of Asian culture.

Although most batik fabric is now decorated and tailored by machine, there still remains a considerable market for high-quality, hand-made batik.

About the Author

Penangites love the food so much, that they have a warm meal in the morning at the hawker stalls. Come find out what is it about Penang Food that is so famous at http://www.penangisland.info

What is batik?

The word batik is thought to derive from the Indonesian word "tik" which means dots-- denoting a certain method of applying colored patterns or designs to finished fabrics.
The process of making batik.

The process of batik is simple but tedious. Finely woven cotton and occasionally silk are used to make traditional batik. There were two parallel traditions in batik, one for the royalty and one for the common people.

The first step is to apply the hot wax. There are several methods of waxing. The most popular methods are canting method and cap method
Dyeing.

After the initial waxing, the cloth thus prepared is then dyed in indigo vat and dried in the sun on long sticks. The oldest and first dye to be applied in classical Indonesian batik was blue made from the leaves of the indigo plant. Indigo dyeing was usually done by men.

The cloth is first pulled through a chemical agent which helps the dye to bond to the cloth. It is left to drip and is then pulled through the dye.

Batik Creating an Identity -- Lee Chor Lin.

Chemical dyes produce more predictable results and offer better resistance to sunlight and frequent washing. After the colors are obtained, the fabrics is rinsed thoroughly and it is then transferred to boiling water. The finished products are brilliant in both design and color. Producing a high quality batik may take anywhere from five weeks to over a year.


sumber: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/Budaya_Bangsa/batik/mainpage.htm

Introduction

Gamelan is a term for various types of orchestra played in Indonesia. It is the main element of the Indonesian traditional music. Each gamelan is slightly different from the other; however, they all have the same organization, which based on different instrumental groups with specific orchestral functions. The instruments in a gamelan are composed of sets of tuned bronze gongs, gong-chimes, metallophones, drums, one or more flute, bowed and plucked string instruments, and sometimes singers. In some village gamelan, bronze is sometimes replaced by iron, wood, or bamboo. The most popular gamelan can be found in Java, and Bali.

The Beliefs

In Indonesian traditional thinking, the gamelan is sacred and is believed to have supernatural power. Both musician and non-musicians are humble and respectful to the gamelan. Incense and flowers are often offered to the gamelan. It is believed that each instrument in the gamelan is guided by spirits. Thus, the musician have to take off their shoes when they play the gamelan. It is also forbidden to step over any instrument in a gamelan, because it might offend the spirit by doing so. Some gamelan are believed to have so much powers that playing them may exert power over nature. Others may be touched only by persons who are ritually qualified. In Javanese gamelan, the most important instrument is the Gong Ageng. The Javanese musicians believe that Gong Ageng is the main spirit of the entire gamelan.
Functions of Gamelan

Gamelan is a way of linking individuals in social groups. Gamelan music is performed as a group effort, and so there is no place for an individual showoff. Traditionally, gamelan is only played at certain occasions such as ritual ceremonies, special community celebrations, shadow puppet shows, and for the royal family. Gamelan is also used to accompany dances in court, temple, and village rituals. Besides providing music for social functional ceremonies, gamelan also provides a livelihood for many professional musicians, and for specialized craftsmen who manufacture gamelan.

Today, although gamelan music is still used for ritual ceremonies and the royal family, it is also performed as concert music at social and cultural gatherings to welcome guests and audiences. Gamelan is also used to accompany many kinds of both traditional and modern dances, drama, theatrical and puppetry. In modern days, gamelan can be kept in places such as courts, temples, museums, schools, or even private homes.

SUMBER:http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/Budaya_Bangsa/Gamelan/Main_Page/main_page.htm#Introduction

The Rich of Indonesia Resources by Yong


Six years plunged in to the Indonesia Home Décor business; we found lots of experiences and learn about many things. One that could not be denied is the rich of Indonesia resources, from the raw materials till the artisans; further more the rich of the culture, it's amazing...

On the other hand, the poor of information and knowledge about the resources such as usefulness of the raw materials, Variety of models and style; are still found in many Indonesian artisans. It's also impact to the finishing of the products; many of them were doing improper finishing process. We found many products which are used best raw materials are look not so impressed.

Leolle come to empower them, our designer was collaborating with the local artisans to process the best Indonesia raw materials to be a proper Home Décor items with the proper cooperation & treatment. Our mission is to lift up the rich of Indonesia resources and the artisans as well. We strengthen the local artisans in the information side, provide them with the models & style, proper finishing of each raw material and create more art objects.

The desire of high quality & nice Home Décor items is to be our spirit along the cooperation. We are enjoying our work and dedicated each other to explore & create much more products.

We are ready to supply your store with our Hi-Grade products and competitive factory price, please call +62 361 732234 or email to sales@leollebali.com.

About the Author

Owner and designer of Leolle, www.leollebali.com a manufacture of Home Decor and Home Accents located in Bali Indonesia.

Camping Around Orangutans Via Lombok Island Adventure by Herwia


Dear All Friends Worldwide,

Thank you very much for your time to read this short idea. God bless you... CAMPING AROUND ORANGUTANS VIA LOMBOK ISLAND ADVENTURE Regret, we mean not sleep together with the Orangutans but, Imagine you do camping in the deep of jungle where vary of colorful tropical plantations covered you added with various of tropical fauna welcome you with their funny ways, and the ultimate of Orangutans surround you with all of their attractions shown to you in great greenery scents of deep jungle with their pristine air that will lust us to keep striving on getting nature life that contain more happiness than pretending. Here, you will get your deep special feeling; might be as God mind in the middle of his creation and you will get your unforgettable of experiences ever. Being on this area, you will know more about your self and promise you finding better way of life for future.

Moreover, before arrive in Orangutans area you will tread by great ultimate heritage of Lombok Island nature and unique culture that will add your great time of adventure vacation of your dream. You will glad what you did.

Our local staff will full guide you in 24 hours for your addition of getting fun, safe, find great exception and unforgettable experiences of your traveling, adventure or vacation dreams. Our expert tour guide will also show you the other item that you never seen before as one of your ultimate wealth in your life that could be as your best capital for you and your next generations regarding what is better life's way.

Summer time is your best time to see these all exception with no hard adventure will be found if you want to experience more adventure challenges, in Rain season is your best choice. This adventures could leave weekly from Lombok Island.

Once you did, you will be glad to do it again next time, especially if you do together with your families and relations

Detail recommended itinerary is as follow:

LOMBOK- YOGYAKARTA (BOROBUDUR TEMPLE) - CAMPING AROUND ORANGUTANS SAFARI ADVENTURE-JAKARTA 10 Days / 9 Nights

Day 01: Arrival Lombok - Hotel (Senggigi Resort Area) Arrival at Selaparang Airport of Mataram Lombok, meeting service and transferred to your hotel at Senggigi resort area (Hotel recommended: Senggigi Beach Hotel****) or similar. Welcome dinner with us at local restaurant for Lombok Culinary. Take a rest at your hotel. Day 02 : Gili Trawangan Tour (B.L.D) Morning breakfast at your hotel, get on board and leave for Gili Trawangan tour by our private motorized wooden boat to Gili Trawangan one of your Lombok Island best sites to visit, where here you will enjoy the marine wild snorkeling to explore the amazing under water life's with its colorful of corals reef and covered by over than 200 kind of fishes. Here, the gorgeous scenery will support your amazing of adventure time in Lombok Island. Luncheon at local restaurant on Gili Trawangan, before dark back to hotel. Day 03: Hotel - Senaru - Hati Suci Home Stay Sapit (B.L.D) Morning breakfast, check out hotel and drive to Senaru to see great Rinjani mountain slope famous called with the place of green scents of your dreams, proceed to do the soft trekking to the gorgeous greenery with waterfall as background. Luncheon will be served at Senaru Local restaurant surrounding by amazing greenery scenery of Rinjani Mountain. Before dark time, drive to Sapit eastern part of Rinjani mountain slope where the Hati Suci Home Stay is waiting for your great nature lodge to stay. Check in the home stay and continued with special dinner with menu a la Mama. Day 04: Short Sapit Adventure (B.L.D) After breakfast with A la Mama Menu, adventuring the great rice field, soft trekking the small canyon where here you will see also the gray and black monkey of Lombok Island, meeting with villager and take swimming in the natural mountain river where the waters spread from the stones gap and covered by the gorgeous scenery of Rinjani National Park volcano. Picked up by our private car and Luncheon at home stay. Free at leisure at hotel and having other dinner a la Mama. Day 05: Sapit - Airport - Yogyakarta - Hotel (B.L.D) Morning breakfast, check out hotel and transferred to Selaparang Airport of Mataram to fly to Yogyakarta. Upon arrival at Yogyakarta you will be picked up by our local staff and transferred to Mutiara Hotel (or similar) located in Malioboro as the heart of Yogyakarta City. Luncheon will be on the route (Options) and dinner will be at Malioboro local restaurant for Yogyakarta culinary. Overnight. Day 06: Yogyakarta - Borobudur Temple - Semarang Airport - Pangkalan Bun - Tanjung Harapan Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre. (B.L.D) Early breakfast at hotel, check out and transferred to Semarang airport with stop over at Borobudur Temple you one of famous heritage destination in the world. Then proceed to Semarang Airport, fly to Pangkalan Bun, meet with our local staff and drive to Kumai Town (mini hinterland), get on board and cruise to Tanjung Harapan the place of Orangutan Rehabilitation centre. Overnight will be on board, Luncheon and dinner will be served on Kelotok (a motorized wooden boat) Day 07: Tanjung Harapan Park - Camp Leakey - Boat (B.L.D) Morning breakfast on board; then from Tanjung Harapan cruise the river by Kelotok for about 2½ hours to Camp Leakey, where the older Orangutans are reintroduced into the rain forest, and also known as research center for Orangutan. Soft trekking around Camp Leakey and then back to the boat for lunch then back to Camp Leakey forest to see orangutans feeding, and back to the boat, proceed down to Pondok Tanggui, on the way back to Pondok Tanggui you will see the Proboscis Monkeys a long the Seikonyer river. Dinner and overnight on board. Day 08: Pondok Tanggui - Jungle Trekking - Pesalat Re-plantation Camp (B.L.D) Morning breakfast on board, commence the full day trekking where you will passing the national park with vary of tropical flora and fauna and if you are lucky you will see the wild of orangutan and other animal such as Sun bear, honey bear, orchids, pitcher plants (know by local as kondom flower) and many more... When arrive at Pesalat Reclamation Camp we stand the tends and overnight in the deep of Kalimantan Jungle. Noted, in morning time the Gibbons will wake you up as their welcome to you. Day 09: Pesalat re-plantation Camping Site - Seikonyer Village (B.L.D) Camping breakfast, and preparing to leave the Pesalat camp site to Seikonyer village. Commence walking to Pesalat Jetty and get on board to Seikonyer Village, upon arrival in Seikonyer village and check in to Home Stay Seikonyer. Here you will be involved by villager about the local community daily life and you will also see the local make the art things such as orangutan statues special made from iron wood. You will also have a chance to have new worldwide friends. Before dark time the local will be performed a Batimung (a kind of local sauna and spa treatment with special of Kalimantan cosmetic made from local herbs). After clean and tidy you will present farewell dinner performance with Batirik (a Seikonyer traditional dance) where you will be invited to join the dance together. Day 10: Home Stay Seikonyer - Kumai Town - Pangkalan Bun Airport - Jakarta (B) Morning breakfast at Home Stay Seikonyer, check out and transferred to Kumai and Pangkalan Bun airport for your fly home via Jakarta. End of Program.

Discounted rate with condition minimum 2 persons and available on sharing group: Price per person inclusive domestic air ticket: USD $ 1.651/person Price per person excluded domestic air ticket: USD. $.988/person

How to get Lombok Island? * For direct international flight, we recommend to use SILK AIR via Singapore or Merpati Airline via Kuala Lumpur and Garuda Indonesia Airline via Jakarta * Note: Lombok Island Airport code is AMI (Ampenan) or now become Selaparang Airport of Mataram. * For domestic flight, you can reach Lombok Island via Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Denpasar Bali. * The flight agencies: Lion Air, Garuda Indonesia, Batavia Airline, Merpati Airline from Bali, Indonesia Air Trans from Bali, GT Air from Bali

If you do hard to reach the air ticket to Lombok, please contact us for help.

Many thanks for your kind attention and interest. Looking forward to get the adventure with you all.... God bless you...

Have a great day....

My Best Regards,

L. Herwia Agustana Email: herwia@korindo-network.com http://www.korindo-network.com SILK AIR http://www.silkair.com/mbe/en_UK/index.jsp GARUDA INDONESIA AIRLINE http://www.garuda-indonesia.com/ LION AIR http://www.lionair.co.id/ BATAVIA AIRLINE INDONESIA http://www.batavia-air.co.id/ MERPATI AIRLINE http://www.merpati.co.id LOMBOK INTERNET http://www.lombokinternet.com LOMBOK TRAVEL http://www.lombok-travel.com LOMBOK TRAVEL ONLINE http://www.lomboktravelonline.com (will be online in a week) LOMBOK PROPERTIES http://www.cvindopal.com

http://groups.google.com/group/camping-around-orangutans-via-lombok-island


About the Author

Thanks & My Best Regards,

L. Herwia Agustana email: herwia@gmail.com http://www.korindo-network.com

Bali hotels info by dwtirta


Cheap Hotels in Ubud: * Uma Sari Cottage located on the edge of tranquil rice fields, just 5 minutes walks to Ubud village centre. Ubud is approx, one hours' drive to north part of Bali from the international airport. Uma Sari Cottage only a few minutes walk away from the main road, important shopping and cultural destinations in Ubud Town, but at Uma Sari Cottage you might just as well be far out in the countryside. Tropical water fantasies abound in Bali and here within the walls and thick foliage that surround Uma Sari Cottage, one of this secluded inn's most popular attractions is its beautiful and swimming pool garden area. Here also you will find singing birds and stone sculptures a most romantic setting. Here you can escape, refresh yourself and forget about the outside world.

On the edge of the rice fields just above Ubud Town, the art and plants here surround our guests with breathtaking colors and fragrances. It is just a short stroll to civilization, but the peace here is ruffled only by the splashes of falling blossoms.

Sanur Bali Indonesia Sanur is one of Bali's large traditional villages but it's also one of the most established tourist areas. Sanur was first Bali beach resort and still retains its Balinese character and old style village ambiance. On the Southern side of Bali, Sanur Beach is easily reachable from Denpasar, about a 5 t0 10 minutes drive. With a palm-lined beach facing the Indian Ocean towards the east, Sanur is an excellent place to see the sun rise in the morning as they say "Bali is the morning of the world". Sanur's natural offshore reefs protect the beach againt the waves, and make it popular for windsurfing, boating, and other water sports. Sanur also the place for some of Bali chic fashion shops, hot Bali hotel and well-known as restaurants. It is a good location to explore the rest of Bali. Fine Bali hotels, restaurants and modern entertainment venues complement traditional village activities like drama and dance. Sanur is perfect to gain a real appreciation of Balinese culture and local life. Gradual and early development has meant that Sanur has grown alongside the village, with hotels located right next door to local meeting halls and traditional temples. Many hotels have expansive gardens that face the ocean along the picturesque unbroken seaside promenade.

Click: www.balicheckin.com, for more info!

About the Author

Balinese